• Environmental exposure pathways for pediatric lead are mapped across housing conditions, indoor dust, soil, and water, with cross‑environment exposure metrics linked to blood lead levels [1], [2], [3], [6], [7].

• Socioeconomic, parental, and urban context factors consistently modify lead exposure risk, highlighting social determinants alongside environmental measurements in several cohort studies [14], [12], [2], [17].

• Health and developmental outcomes associated with lead exposure emerge from prospective and longitudinal work, including cognitive development effects and developmental deficits in early childhood [5], [19], [12].

• Public health policy framing and debate around childhood lead poisoning shift emphasis from clinical treatment to environmental prevention and community action, reflected in policy statements and debates [8], [10], [4].

• Intervention and remediation research emphasize deleading homes and population-level exposure reduction, alongside cross‑national trends and environmental standards development [11], [15], [6].